Sunday, November 17, 2024

Motives

 A man once asked me: “how do I know I have it right?”


I didn't know what he was asking me at first, but eventually I understood him to be talking about what is driving him. He said that he could do the right thing or a good thing, but how does he know if it is from the ability God gives or just from himself?


Motives do figure into this question. As a Christian, are you being motivated from a Divine perspective, or are you seeking some personal benefit from your action?


I believe one needs to be careful about over analyzing their motives. Motives are important, and especially when it comes to determining degree of guilt and sentencing in a court of law, but unless one knows clearly that they are being motivated for the wrong reason—in which case they should maybe cease until they are properly motivated—they should leave the judgment up to God. And we need to be careful about trying to judge other's motives, unless it is about a crime and the appropriate consequences.


Sometimes our actions may not be properly motivated, and yet they are not for self-glory or personal benefit/ gain either. One may do something that they believe is right, though they do not want to do it and struggle with doing it with cheerfulness. The Apostle Paul wrote to the church in Galatia: “But it is good to be zealous in a good thing always, and not only when I am present with you. Galatians 4:18 Christians should always seek to do what is good or right with the proper motivation and attitude.


The Apostle Paul said that “he who is spiritual judges all things,” 1 Corinthians 2:15 I take that to mean we should examine everything through the authority of Scripture, however, I don't believe that means that I need to try to discern the motives of everyone or even myself. I can just judge the act or thought as to whether is right or not. And unless it is clearly obvious to me that I am being wrongly motivated, I should not try to determine what my motives are (in doing the right thing or anything), and let God be the judge.

Paul wrote the Corinthian church concerning judging: 2 “Moreover it is required in stewards that one be found faithful. 3 But with me it is a very small thing that I should be judged by you or by a human court. In fact, I do not even judge myself. 4 For I know of nothing against myself, yet I am not justified by this; but He who judges me is the Lord. 5 Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord comes, who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the counsels of the hearts. Then each one's praise will come from God.” 1 Corinthians 4:2-5


If one looks at the quote of Paul in 1 Corinthians 2:15, you will see there is more to what was said about judging: “he who is spiritual judges all things, yet he himself is rightly judged by no one.” 1 Corinthians 2:15 As I already said...we should examine everything through the authority of Scripture, however, I don't believe that means that I need to try to discern the motives of everyone or even myself.


Motives are important, but the best way to make sure your motives are right is to be sure you are motivated by a desire or concern to be faithful and pleasing to God. As Paul said, “it is required in stewards that one be found faithful.” Also, to be properly motivated, one should be “transformed” by the “renewing of the mind” in the truth from God's word, as Paul wrote to the Christians in Rome: “​1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service. 2 And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.” Romans 12:1-2


It could also be pointed out that being motivated for reward for one's actions are not necessarily wrong if one is seeking reward in the sense of approval from God and not a temporal reward as in personal material gain or recognition. (If someone gives you recognition, that is not a bad thing, because even the Apostle Paul would boast about other believers: “we ourselves boast of you among the churches of God for your patience and faith in all your persecutions and tribulations that you endure,.” 2 Thessalonians 1:4) But concerning reward from God, Jesus said, “​1 "Take heed that you do not do your charitable deeds before men, to be seen by them. Otherwise, you have no reward from your Father in heaven. 2 Therefore, when you do a charitable deed, do not sound a trumpet before you as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory from men. Assuredly, I say to you, they have their reward. 3 But when you do a charitable deed, do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing, 4 that your charitable deed may be in secret; and your Father who sees in secret will Himself reward you openly.” Matthew 6:1-4


So how do you know if you have it right? How can I be sure I'm properly motivated? Unless you know without a doubt that you are operating from a temporal motive of selfish ambition, you should seek to do what is right and good from a divine perspective and enablement, and you will have your reward from God; and he will judge the intents and motives of the heart in the day of judgment.

Thursday, November 14, 2024

Early Church was Posttribulational

 Posttrib” believes that the Church will be “caught up” (the “rapture”) at the end of the “tribulation,” or more specifically the “great tribulation.” The “pretrib” view is that the rapture happens before what is commonly called the “tribulation,” or more accurately called the “70th Week of Daniel”--which is the last 7 years before Christ's return or the “Second Coming.”



"One of its (the early Church) distinctive features is that it places the Rapture of the Church at the end of the Tribulation, combining it with the Second Coming as one event."

--David Reagan, Wrath and Glory: Unveiling the Majestic Book of Revelation (Green Forest, AR: New Leaf, 2001), p. 112


The preponderance of evidence seems to support the concept that the early church did not clearly hold to a rapture as preceding the endtime tribulation period.... the early church fathers ... should be classified as posttribulational. “

--John F. Walvoord, The Blessed Hope and The Tribulation (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1976)


Irenaeus:

"When in the end the Church shall be suddenly caught up from this, it is said, 'There shall be tribulation such as has not been since the beginning, neither shall be.' For this is the last contest of the righteous, in which, when they overcome they are crowned with incorruption." (Against Heresies, V, 29, 1)


This should be understood to mean that the “tribulation” is “the last contest of the righteous” and “in the end” of “this” the “Church shall be suddenly caught up.” – JS


When taken within the context of all of Irenaeus’ writings, it appears that

he was not teaching pretribulationism.”

Tommy Ice [Executive Director of The Pre-Trib Research Center]



Irenaeus (c.120-—202)

For all these and other words were

unquestionably spoken in reference to the

resurrection of the just, which takes place after

the coming of Antichrist, and the destruction of

all nations under his rule; in which the righteous

shall reign in the earth, waxing stronger by the

sight of the Lord”

(Against Heresies, V, 35, 1)


And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten

kings, who have received no kingdom as yet, but

shall receive power as if kings one hour with the

beast”... And they shall lay Babylon waste, and

burn her with fire, and shall give their kingdom to

the beast, and put the Church to flight. After that

they shall be destroyed by the coming of our Lord.

(Against Heresies, V, 26, 1)


lrenaeus (c.130-202)

It is therefore more certain, and less hazardous, to await the

fulfillment of the prophecy [concerning the revealing of the

Antichrist], than to be making surmises, and casting about for

any names that may present themselves, inasmuch as many

names can be found possessing the number mentioned; and

the same question will, after all, remain unsolved. ... But he

indicates the number of the name now, so that when this

man comes we may avoid him, being aware who he Is.

(Against Heresies, V, 30, 3, 4)


...the early fathers largely held to a period of

persecution that would be ongoing when the return

of the Lord takes place and most would see the

church suffering through some portion of the

tribulation period.”

James Stitzinger, (Associate Professor of

Historical Theology, Master’s Seminary), The

Rapture in Twenty Centuries of Biblical

Interpretation


The Church Fathers believed that the Church

would be on earth during the tribulation period.

This is seen in the earliest writers and there is

nothing in the other writers to contradict this. They

speak of the persecution of the Church by the

Antichrist and of the Church being on earth at the

second advent of Christ.”

Charles August Hauser, Jr., The Eschatology of

the Early Church Fathers


Hippolytus (c.185—-235)

For when the times advance, he too, [the Antichrist]

of whom these things are said, will be manifested ...

Now, concerning the tribulation of the persecution

which is to fall upon the Church from the

adversary ... [That refers to the one thousand two

hundred and threescore days during which the

tyrant is to reign and persecute the Church.

(Hippolytus, Treatise on Christ and Antichrist, 50, 60,

61, cf. 60-67)


Justin Martyr (AD 100-165)

...two advents of Christ have been announced: The

one, in which He is set forth as suffering, inglorious,

dishonored, and crucified; but the other, in which He

shall come from heaven with glory, when the man of

apostasy, who speaks strange things against the

Most High, shall venture to do unlawful deeds on

the earth against us the Christians... ”

Dialogue with Trypho, Ch. 110


The Shepherd of Hermas (c.95-c.150)

[Blessed are] you who endure the great tribulation

that is coming on, and they who shall not deny their

own life.”

(Vision 2:2)

Those, therefore, who continue steadfast, and are put

through the fire, will be purified by means of it.”

(Vision 4:3)


Epistle of Barnabas (c.80-—c.100)

The final stumbling-block approaches ... That the Black

One [Antichrist] may find no means of entrance, let us

flee from every vanity, let us utterly hate the works of

the way of wickedness... Take heed, lest resting at our

ease, as those who are the called [of God], we should fall

asleep in our sins, and the wicked prince, acquiring

power over us, should thrust us away from the kingdom

of the Lord.”

(Epistle of Barnabas, 4)


The Didache (c.70-c.120)

[T]hen shall appear the deceiver of the world ...

and he shall commit iniquities which have never

been since the world began. Then shall the creation

of mankind come to the fiery trial and many shall

be offended and be lost, but they who endure in

their faith shall be saved ... Then shall the world

see the Lord coming on the clouds of Heaven.”

(Didache 16:4-8)

Wednesday, November 13, 2024

AntiChrist is coming

 

Children, it is the last hour; and just as you heard that antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have appeared; from this we know that it is the last hour. 1 John 2:18 NAS


it [ the Day of the Lord] will not come unless the  apostasy comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of destruction [“the Antichrist”], who opposes and exalts himself above  every so-called god or object of worship, so that he takes his seat in the temple of God, displaying himself as being God. 2 Thessalonians 2:3-5 NAS


Lutheran Scholar Dr. R. C. H. Lenski: The fact that this apostasy will occur in the Christian Church is beyond question; it would otherwise not be an “apostasy.” This man does not merely “come” as does the apostasy. While he at first remains hidden, he at last gets “to be revealed” as what he really is. ... This Antichrist reveals himself as the Antichrist by this pagan act of seating himself in the true God's own sanctuary.



Both Daniel and Jesus make reference to this person who is commonly identified as the “Antichrist.”


He is most often identified by his particular character and activity that is associated with the time of “Great Tribulation” and his persecution of the “saints.”


Jesus quotes Daniel concerning the event that Apostle Paul references in 2 Thessalonians 2.3-5.


Jesus references Daniel concerning the same event that Paul referenced:


Therefore when you see the 'abomination of desolation,' spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place (whoever reads, let him understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains. ... For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be. And unless those days were shortened, no flesh would be saved; but for the elect's sake those days will be shortened. Matthew 24:15-22 NKJ


Several places in Daniel speak of the future “abomination of desolation” in the “holy place,” and the period that follows is the specific time of “great tribulation.”


He [the antichrist] will confirm [strengthen] a covenant with many for one week [7 years]. But in the middle of that week [7 years] he [antichrist] will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations [in the temple] will come one who destroys, until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys. Daniel 9:27 NKJ


And one week [ 7 years] shall establish the covenant with many: and in the midsts of the week [7 years] my sacrifice and drink offering shall be taken away:

and on the temple shall be the abomination of desolations; and at the end of the time an end shall be put to the desolation. Daniel 9:27 Septuagint


At that time [the time of the end] Michael shall stand up, the great prince who stands watch over the sons of your people [Israel]; and there shall be a time of trouble [tribulation], such as never was since there was a nation, even to that time. And at that time your people [Israel] shall be delivered, every one who is found written in the book. Daniel 12:1


Daniel, shut up the words, and seal the book until the time of the end; many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall increase. ... And one said ... "How long shall the fulfillment of these wonders be?"   Then I heard ... it shall be for a time, times, and half a time [ 3 ½ years]; and when the power of the holy people has been completely shattered, all these things shall be finished. Daniel 12:4-7


And from the time that the daily sacrifice is taken away, and the abomination of desolation is set up, there shall be one thousand two hundred and ninety days [beyond the 3 ½ years]. Blessed is he who waits, and comes to the one thousand three hundred and thirty-five days. Daniel 12:11-12


After this I saw in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, exceedingly strong. It had huge iron teeth; it was devouring, breaking in pieces, and trampling the residue with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns. I was considering the horns, and there was another horn [the Antichrist], a little one, coming up among them, before whom three of the first horns were plucked out by the roots. And there, in this horn, were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking pompous words. Daniel 7:7-8


I watched then because of the sound of the pompous words which the horn [the Antichrist] was speaking; I watched till the beast was slain, and its body destroyed and given to the burning flame. Daniel 7:11-12


Then I [Daniel] wished to know the truth about the fourth beast … and the ten horns that were on its head, and the other horn [the Antichrist] which came up, before which three fell, namely, that horn which had eyes and a mouth which spoke pompous words, whose appearance was greater than his fellows. I was watching; and the same horn was making war against the saints, and prevailing against them, until the Ancient of Days [God the Father] came, and a judgment was made in favor of the saints of the Most High, and the time came for the saints to possess the kingdom. Daniel 7:19-22


The fourth beast shall be A fourth kingdom on earth, which shall be different from all other kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, trample it and break it in pieces. The ten horns are ten kings who shall arise from this kingdom. And another [the Antichrist] shall rise after them; He shall be different from the first ones, And shall subdue three kings. He shall speak pompous words against the Most High, shall persecute the saints of the Most High, and shall intend to change times and law. Then the saints shall be given into his hand for a time and times and half a time [3 ½ years, the great tribulation] But the court shall be seated, and they shall take away his dominion [the Antichrist], to consume and destroy it forever. Then the kingdom and dominion, and the greatness of the kingdoms under the whole heaven, shall be given to the people, the saints of the Most High. His [Christ] kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve and obey Him [Christ]. Daniel 7:23-27


Daniel prophesied of a “little horn” that could be the future Antichrist or one named “Antiochus IV Epiphanes,” who rose up from one of the 4 ruling families after the death of Alexander the Great of the Grecian Empire. Antiochus was certainly a foreshadowing of the future Antichrist, and if Antiochus is in view, the prophecy seems to transition from him to Antichrist.


as I [Daniel] was considering, suddenly a male goat [Greece] came from the west, across the surface of the whole earth, without touching the ground; and the goat had a notable horn [Alexander the Great] between his eyes. Then he came to the ram [Persia] that had two horns [Medo-Persian Empire], which I had seen standing beside the river, and ran at him with furious power. And I saw him confronting the ram; he was moved with rage against him, attacked the ram, and broke his two horns. There was no power in the ram to withstand him, but he cast him down to the ground and trampled him; and there was no one that could deliver the ram from his hand. Therefore the male goat [Greece, Alexander the Great] grew very great; but when he became strong, the large horn was broken [Alexander the Great died], and in place of it four notable ones came up toward the four winds of heaven. And out of one of them came a little horn [Antiochus IV Epiphanes / the Antichrist] which grew exceedingly great toward the south, toward the east, and toward the Glorious Land. And it grew up to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the ground, and trampled them. He even exalted himself as high as the Prince of the host; and by him the daily sacrifices were taken away, and the place of His sanctuary was cast down. Because of transgression, an army was given over to the horn to oppose the daily sacrifices; and he cast truth down to the ground. He did all this and prospered. Then I heard a holy one speaking; and another holy one said to that certain one who was speaking, "How long will the vision be, concerning the daily sacrifices and the transgression of desolation, the giving of both the sanctuary and the host to be trampled underfoot?" And he said to me, "For two thousand three hundred days; then the sanctuary shall be cleansed" [Hanukkah, the cleansing of the second temple, or the Millennial Temple consecrated]. Then it happened, when I, Daniel, had seen the vision and was seeking the meaning, that suddenly there stood before me one having the appearance of a man. And I heard a man's voice between the banks of the Ulai, who called, and said, "Gabriel, make this man understand the vision." So he came near where I stood, and when he came I was afraid and fell on my face; but he said to me, "Understand, son of man, that the vision refers to the time of the end." Daniel 8:5-17


And in his place shall arise a vile person [Antiochus IV], to whom they will not give the honor of royalty; but he shall come in peaceably, and seize the kingdom by intrigue. ... forces shall be mustered by him [Antiochus IV], and they shall defile the sanctuary fortress; then they shall take away the daily sacrifices, and place there the abomination of desolation. Those who do wickedly against the covenant he shall corrupt with flattery; but the people who know their God shall be strong, and carry out great exploits. And those of the people who understand shall instruct many; yet for many days they shall fall by sword and flame, by captivity and plundering. Now when they fall, they shall be aided with a little help; but many shall join with them by intrigue. And some of those of understanding shall fall, to refine them, purify them, and make them white, until the time of the end; because it is still for the appointed time.


Then the king [the Antichrist] shall do according to his own will: he shall exalt and magnify himself above every god, shall speak blasphemies against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the wrath has been accomplished; for what has been determined shall be done. He shall regard neither the God of his fathers nor the desire of women, nor regard any god; for he shall exalt himself above them all. But in their place he shall honor a god of fortresses; and a god which his fathers did not know he shall honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and pleasant things. Thus he shall act against the strongest fortresses with a foreign god, which he shall acknowledge, and advance its glory; and he shall cause them to rule over many, and divide the land for gain.


At the time of the end the king of the South shall attack him [the Antichrist]; and the king of the North shall come against him like a whirlwind... He [the Antichrist] shall also enter the Glorious Land, and many countries shall be overthrown... He [the Antichrist] shall stretch out his hand against the countries... But news from the east and the north shall trouble him; therefore he shall go out with great fury to destroy and annihilate many. And he [the Antichrist] shall plant the tents of his palace between the seas and the glorious holy mountain; yet he shall come to his end, and no one will help him. Daniel 11:21, 31-45


The end of the Antichrist will be at the end of “the time of the end,” being the end of the 3 ½ years of the 7 year period known as the “70th Week of Daniel.” The Scriptures also speak of that 3 ½ years as “42 months,” 1260 days, and “time, times, and half a time.” Daniel chapter 12:11-12 gives some extra days beyond 1260, being 1290 and 1335 days; these extra days are not explained, but could have to do with the time of Israel's restoration in the land and judgment of the nations.


The end of the Antichrist at the end of the time will be by the coming of Christ. Apostle Paul says that after the Antichrist is revealed, by his acts in the holy place, he will be destroyed by the coming of Christ.


He who now restrains will do so until He is taken out of the way. And then the lawless one [the Antichrist] will be revealed, whom the Lord will consume with the breath of His mouth and destroy with the brightness of His coming. The coming of the lawless one [the Antichrist] is according to the working of Satan, with all power, signs, and lying wonders, and with all unrighteous deception among those who perish, because they did not receive the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this reason God will send them strong delusion, that they should believe the lie, that they all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness. 2 Thessalonians 2:7-12


The Antichrist is the “beast” of Revelation chapter 13 who will have a mortal wound that is healed. He is part of the larger 7-headed beast that has 10 horns, being one of its heads. There is a connection between this 7-headed beast and the beast of Daniel chapter 7 where we read about a fourth beast that had 10 horns and a little horn, being the Antichrist. The beast of Revelation 13 has the same character and role mentioned concerning the “little horn” of Daniel who persecutes the saints of God.


I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name. Now the beast which I saw was like a leopard, his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth like the mouth of a lion. The dragon gave him his power, his throne, and great authority. And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast [the Antichrist]. So they worshiped the dragon [Satan] who gave authority to the beast; and they worshiped the beast, saying, "Who is like the beast? Who is able to make war with him?" And he [the Antichrist] was given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies, and he was given authority to continue for forty-two months. Then he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme His name, His tabernacle, and those who dwell in heaven. It was granted to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority was given him over every tribe, tongue, and nation. All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. If anyone has an ear, let him hear. He who leads into captivity shall go into captivity; he who kills with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints. Revelation 13:1-10


The “strong delusion” and the “working of Satan, with all power, signs, and lying wonders” that Apostle Paul wrote about that causes the non-believers to be deceived and follow the Antichrist will be through another “beast” called the “false prophet.” This false prophet will work signs in the presence of the Antichrist to cause the world to follow the Antichrist.


Then I saw another beast coming up out of the earth, and he had two horns like a lamb and spoke like a dragon. And he exercises all the authority of the first beast [the Antichrist] in his presence, and causes the earth and those who dwell in it to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. He performs great signs, so that he even makes fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. And he deceives those who dwell on the earth by those signs which he was granted to do in the sight of the beast [the Antichrist], telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast [the Antichrist] who was wounded by the sword and lived. He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed. He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast [the Antichrist], or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666. Revelation 13:11-18


The Antichrist is the 7th head of the 7-headed, 10-horned beast of Revelation 13. The Apostle John wrote that 5 of the kings represented by 5 of the heads had fallen, and the 6th head was in power. These heads represent Mediterranean-world authorities kingdoms and kings. The 7th head would be a future kingdom/ king. John writes that the 7th head would also be the 8th head. I understand this as 2 phases to the 7th head of the beast. The first phase is for a short time, probably the first half of the 70th Week of Daniel. After the mortal head wound is healed, the transition to phase 2 takes place. The 8th head would be phase 2 beginning with the abomination of desolation in the Temple that starts the “Great Tribulation” and persecution of the saints.


John also writes about the “great harlot” or “woman” that rides on the 7-headed beast. The woman is “Babylon the Great.” The “woman” rides on the 7-headed beast and benefits from and reigns over the 7-headed beast. Her identity is not certain, but she is identified as a great city from which the merchants and kings of the earth have benefit. John writes about the 7 heads of the beast plus an eighth head:


Here is the mind which has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits. There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, and the other [the Antichrist] has not yet come. And when he comes, he must continue a short time. The beast [the Antichrist] that was, and is not, is himself also the eighth [phase 2, the mortal wound healed], and is of the seven, and is going to perdition. The ten horns [The same 10 horns of the fourth beast of Daniel 7] which you saw are ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority for one hour as kings with the beast [the Antichrist]. These are of one mind, and they will give their power and authority to the beast [the Antichrist].

These will make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, for He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and those who are with Him are called, chosen, and faithful." Then he said to me, “the waters which you saw, where the harlot sits, are peoples, multitudes, nations, and tongues. And the ten horns which you saw on the beast, these will hate the harlot, make her desolate and naked, eat her flesh and burn her with fire. For God has put it into their hearts to fulfill His purpose, to be of one mind, and to give their kingdom to the beast [the Antichrist], until the words of God are fulfilled. And the woman whom you saw is that great city which reigns over the kings of the earth." Revelation 17:9-18


(I have written more about the 7 heads of the beast and the 8th head on my 2020, December date.   See jsonb: The 8th Head of the 7-headed beast  )


The Antichrist will come to his end, along with the false prophet, at the coming of Christ at the end of the “time of the end” or “the great tribulation” period, being the end of the 3 ½ year period, the second half of the “70th Week of Daniel.”


Christ comes back with his angelic army to make war against the nations that have gathered for battle for Jerusalem, and he defeats those nations and the Antichrist and his false prophet. The 6th bowl of Revelation prepares the way for this great battle at the Second Coming of Christ--which is the “Day of the Lord” judgment, being God's wrath and judgment on the nations of the earth. The Antichrist and the false prophet are cast into the Lake of fire, while the rest will be judged after the 1000 year reign of Christ.


12 Then the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, so that the way of the kings from the east might be prepared. 13 And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs coming out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. 14 For they are spirits of demons, performing signs, which go out to the kings of the earth and of the whole world, to gather them to the battle of that great day of God Almighty. 15 "Behold, I am coming as a thief. Blessed is he who watches, and keeps his garments, lest he walk naked and they see his shame." 16 And they gathered them together to the place called in Hebrew, Armageddon. Revelation 16:12-16


9 Proclaim this among the nations: "Prepare for war! Wake up the mighty men, Let all the men of war draw near, Let them come up. 10 Beat your plowshares into swords And your pruning hooks into spears; Let the weak say, 'I am strong.'" 11 Assemble and come, all you nations, And gather together all around. Cause Your mighty ones to go down there, O LORD. 12 "Let the nations be wakened, and come up to the Valley of Jehoshaphat; For there I will sit to judge all the surrounding nations. 13 Put in the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, go down; For the winepress is full, The vats overflow— For their wickedness is great." 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! For the day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and moon will grow dark, And the stars will diminish their brightness. 16 The LORD also will roar from Zion, And utter His voice from Jerusalem; The heavens and earth will shake; But the LORD will be a shelter for His people, And the strength of the children of Israel. Joel 3:9-16


"Behold, I will make Jerusalem a cup of drunkenness to all the surrounding peoples, when they lay siege against Judah and Jerusalem. 3 And it shall happen in that day that I will make Jerusalem a very heavy stone for all peoples; all who would heave it away will surely be cut in pieces, though all nations of the earth are gathered against it. 4 In that day," says the LORD, "I will strike every horse with confusion, and its rider with madness; I will open My eyes on the house of Judah, and will strike every horse of the peoples with blindness. 5 And the governors of Judah shall say in their heart, 'The inhabitants of Jerusalem are my strength in the LORD of hosts, their God.' 6 In that day I will make the governors of Judah like a firepan in the woodpile, and like a fiery torch in the sheaves; they shall devour all the surrounding peoples on the right hand and on the left, but Jerusalem shall be inhabited again in her own place—Jerusalem. Zechariah 12:2-6


1 Behold, the day of the LORD is coming, And your spoil will be divided in your midst. 2 For I will gather all the nations to battle against Jerusalem; The city shall be taken, The houses rifled, And the women ravished. Half of the city shall go into captivity, But the remnant of the people shall not be cut off from the city. 3 Then the LORD will go forth And fight against those nations, As He fights in the day of battle. 4 And in that day His feet will stand on the Mount of Olives, Which faces Jerusalem on the east. And the Mount of Olives shall be split in two, From east to west, Making a very large valley; Half of the mountain shall move toward the north And half of it toward the south. 5 Then you shall flee through My mountain valley, For the mountain valley shall reach to Azal. Yes, you shall flee As you fled from the earthquake In the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Thus the LORD my God will come, And all the saints with You. Zechariah 14:1-5


11 Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. And He who sat on him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and makes war. 12 His eyes were like a flame of fire, and on His head were many crowns. He had a name written that no one knew except Himself. 13 He was clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and His name is called The Word of God. 14 And the armies in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, followed Him on white horses. 15 Now out of His mouth goes a sharp sword, that with it He should strike the nations. And He Himself will rule them with a rod of iron. He Himself treads the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God. 16 And He has on His robe and on His thigh a name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. Revelation 19:11-16


17 Then I saw an angel standing in the sun; and he cried with a loud voice, saying to all the birds that fly in the midst of heaven, "Come and gather together for the supper of the great God, 18 that you may eat the flesh of kings, the flesh of captains, the flesh of mighty men, the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them, and the flesh of all people, free and slave, both small and great." 19 And I saw the beast, the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against Him who sat on the horse and against His army. 20 Then the beast [the Antichrist] was captured, and with him the false prophet who worked signs in his presence, by which he deceived those who received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. These two were cast alive into the lake of fire burning with brimstone. 21 And the rest were killed with the sword which proceeded from the mouth of Him who sat on the horse. And all the birds were filled with their flesh. Revelation 19:17-21

Sunday, November 3, 2024

Thessalonians

 

I have notes from a previous study on First and Second Thessalonians  at 2017, December on the sidebar of my blog.


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First Thessalonians 1:1 – 2:16

1. 1:1 From Paul (and Silas and Timothy) to the Thessalonians

Background, Acts 17:1-10

Occasion for the letters, 1 Thes 3:1-3 (Acts 18:5)

2. The Messengers

1:4 What they knew: chosen/ the election

(a people among the gentiles, Acts 15:13-17)

1:5a How the word came

1:5b; 2:1-12 Their behavior

(without false motive, gentle, godly, motivating)

3. The Thessalonians

1:6; 2:13 Received the word

1:2-3 Bore fruit: work of faith, labor of love, patience of hope

1:6; 2:14-16 Were followers/ imitators in persecution

1:7-10 Became examples

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First Thessalonians 1:1 – 2:16

1. 1:1 From Paul (and Silas and Timothy) to the Thessalonians

Background, Acts 17:1-10

It was on Paul's second missionary journey that he, Silas, and Timothy came to Thessalonica in Macedonia (Greece today), as recorded by Luke in the book of Acts, chapter 17.1-10.

1 Now when they had passed through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a synagogue of the Jews. 2 Then Paul, as his custom was, went in to them, and for three Sabbaths reasoned with them from the Scriptures, 3 explaining and demonstrating that the Christ had to suffer and rise again from the dead, and saying, "This Jesus whom I preach to you is the Christ." 4 And some of them were persuaded; and a great multitude of the devout Greeks, and not a few of the leading women, joined Paul and Silas. 5 But the Jews who were not persuaded, becoming envious, took some of the evil men from the marketplace, and gathering a mob, set all the city in an uproar and attacked the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people. 6 But when they did not find them, they dragged Jason and some brethren to the rulers of the city, crying out, "These who have turned the world upside down have come here too. 7 Jason has harbored them, and these are all acting contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying there is another king—Jesus." 8 And they troubled the crowd and the rulers of the city when they heard these things. 9 So when they had taken security from Jason and the rest, they let them go. 10 Then the brethren immediately sent Paul and Silas away by night to Berea. When they arrived, they went into the synagogue of the Jews. Acts 17:1-10 NKJ


Paul had some positive response from his speaking in the synagogue of the Jews.  Luke does not record much about their stay in the city.  They had to spend more than a few days there, because of the reference to them (Gentiles) turning to God from Idols (1 Thes 1.9)--which would have been Gentiles who were not the ones who attended the Synagogue, and the level of teaching on issues like the second coming of Christ, the "Day of the Lord," and the "revealing" of the "son of destruction."

Paul's time in the city was cut short because of the Jews who were not persuaded who became envious and caused trouble. And so as to probably not be a problem for the new believers, Paul and Silas moved on to Berea (in Macedonia) where they had success as well in the synagogue, but Jews from Thessalonica came and stirred up the crowds against them.  So, Paul was moved along to Athens while Silas and Timothy remained behind.  

Occasion for the letters, 1 Thes 3:1-3 (Acts 18:5)


1 Therefore, when we could no longer endure it, we thought it good to be left in Athens alone, 2 and sent Timothy, our brother and minister of God, and our fellow laborer in the gospel of Christ, to establish you and encourage you concerning your faith, 3 that no one should be shaken by these afflictions; for you yourselves know that we are appointed to this. 1 Thessalonians 3:1-3 NKJ


5 When Silas and Timothy had come from Macedonia, Acts 18:5 NKJ

After they came to Paul in Athens, Timothy was sent back to Thessalonica and Silas to maybe Berea.

Paul had moved on to Corinth when Timothy comes, and First Thessalonians must follow after Timothy's report.

First Thessalonians was one of Paul's first letters written in early AD50's.   This was during the time of the proconsul Gallio in Corinth.


2. The Messengers


1:4 What they knew: chosen/ the election

(a people among the gentiles, Acts 15:13-17)


For we know, brothers loved by God, that he has chosen you, 1 Thessalonians 1:4 ESV


There is reason to believe that this Divine choice / election is not about personal salvation, but God choosing the gentiles as his servants (like Israel).


And after they had become silent, James answered, saying, "Men and brethren, listen to me: 14 Simon has declared how God at the first visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name. 15 And with this the words of the prophets agree, just as it is written: 16 'After this I will return And will rebuild the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down; I will rebuild its ruins, And I will set it up; 17 So that the rest of mankind may seek the LORD, Even all the Gentiles who are called by My name, Says the LORD who does all these things.' Acts 15:13-17 NKJ


We have a parallelism about Israel that connects election with service: 1 Yet hear now, O Jacob My servant, And Israel whom I have chosen. 2 Thus says the LORD who made you And formed you from the womb, who will help you: 'Fear not, O Jacob My servant; And you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen. Isaiah 44:1-2 NKJ Also consider Isaiah 45:4; 65:9


1:5a How the word came


For our gospel did not come to you in word only, but also in power, and in the Holy Spirit and in much assurance, as you know what kind of men we were among you for your sake. 1 Thessalonians 1:5 NKJ


This is more about how the Gospel came to them from the messengers than how it was received. How it came is connected to their behavior.


Paul, Silas, and Timothy understood the divine will concerning the gentiles. They understood that Gentiles could be saved by faith alone (apart from becoming Jews first), and God chose from among the gentiles a people for his name.


They spoke the word of God about Jesus with conviction and demonstration (like in the synagogue).


1:5b; 2:1-12 Their behavior

(without false motive, gentle, godly, motivating)


as you know what kind of men we were among you for your sake. 1 Thessalonians 1:5 NKJ


1 For you yourselves know, brethren, that our coming to you was not in vain. 2 But even after we had suffered before and were spitefully treated at Philippi, as you know, we were bold in our God to speak to you the gospel of God in much conflict. 3 For our exhortation did not come from error or uncleanness, nor was it in deceit. 4 But as we have been approved by God to be entrusted with the gospel, even so we speak, not as pleasing men, but God who tests our hearts. 5 For neither at any time did we use flattering words, as you know, nor a cloak for covetousness—God is witness. 6 Nor did we seek glory from men, either from you or from others, when we might have made demands as apostles of Christ. 7 But we were gentle among you, just as a nursing mother cherishes her own children. 8 So, affectionately longing for you, we were well pleased to impart to you not only the gospel of God, but also our own lives, because you had become dear to us. 9 For you remember, brethren, our labor and toil; for laboring night and day, that we might not be a burden to any of you, we preached to you the gospel of God. 10 You are witnesses, and God also, how devoutly and justly and blamelessly we behaved ourselves among you who believe; 11 as you know how we exhorted, and comforted, and charged every one of you, as a father does his own children, 12 that you would walk worthy of God who calls you into His own kingdom and glory. 1 Thessalonians 2:1-12 NKJ


Behavior plays a significant role in persuading people of the message. Those Jews who didn't believe had to try to undermine that character.


Paul reminds them of their approved character. There was no false motive to take advantage of them.


All their actions showed a genuine concern for their eternal well-being, for both salvation and a walk worthy of God.


3. The Thessalonians


1:6; 2:13 Received the word


6And you became followers of us and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit, 1 Thessalonians 1:6 NKJ


13 For this reason we also thank God without ceasing, because when you received the word of God which you heard from us, you welcomed it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which also effectively works in you who believe. 1 Thessalonians 2:13 NKJ


This must have basis in who was speaking it, how they behaved, and the demonstration from Scripture that was done in the Jewish synagogue concerning Christ.


They were persuaded that the words spoken were of God.


1:2-3 Bore fruit: work of faith, labor of love, patience of hope


2 We give thanks to God always for you all, making mention of you in our prayers, 3 remembering without ceasing your work of faith, labor of love, and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ in the sight of our God and Father, 1 Thessalonians 1:2-3 NKJ


These qualities are the fruit that believers can bear:  faith, love, and hope.  The specifics of that fruit, being "work," "labor," and "patience," is seen in their conduct hat Paul recognizes in the letter.   This fruit is the Christian's service to God as His people.


1:6; 2:14-16 Were followers/ imitators in persecution


And you became followers of us and of the Lord, having received the word in much affliction, with joy of the Holy Spirit, 1 Thessalonians 1:6 NKJ


14 For you, brethren, became imitators of the churches of God which are in Judea in Christ Jesus. For you also suffered the same things from your own countrymen, just as they did from the Judeans, 15 who killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and have persecuted us; and they do not please God and are contrary to all men, 16 forbidding us to speak to the Gentiles that they may be saved, so as always to fill up the measure of their sins; but wrath has come upon them to the uttermost. 1 Thessalonians 2:14-16 NKJ


This suffering for the word of God was their work of faith.


They were like the Jewish believers in Judea who suffered from their own countrymen.


One could anticipate being persecuted, if they were to allow themselves to be persuaded concerning Christ, and therefore, choose not to give attention to the word of God.  Yet they did give attention to the word of God about Christ and believed it.  


1:7-10 Became examples


7 so that you became examples to all in Macedonia and Achaia who believe. 8 For from you the word of the Lord has sounded forth, not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but also in every place. Your faith toward God has gone out, so that we do not need to say anything. 9 For they themselves declare concerning us what manner of entry we had to you, and how you turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God, 10 and to wait for His Son from heaven, whom He raised from the dead, even Jesus who delivers us from the wrath to come. 1 Thessalonians 1:7-10 KJV


Here we can seen more of their work of faith, in that they turned to God from idols.


We also see their patience of hope in that they are said to wait for the coming of Christ. Paul must have spent some time on teaching about the coming of Christ and associated events.


Their faith and hope went out to people beyond them.


Next to the word of God, the impact of the Christian life on another cannot be understated. Looking back, the Christians I spent time with had an impact on me, leading me to realize I wasn't saved and to trust in Jesus for salvation.


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First Thessalonians 2:17-3:13:  Paul's Deep Concern 

1. 2.17-20 To see them

Satan hindered

their crown (at Second Coming)

2. 3.1-8 Over their affliction

don't be shaken – appointed

vain labor

a good report (“now we live”)

3. 3.9-13 To see them

to perfect faith

to increase in love

to be blameless (at Second Coming)


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First Thessalonians 2:17-3:13: Paul's deep concern

2.17-20 To see them

Paul (actually the team) had a deep concern for them and wanted to see them, contrary to the opponents' claims. See 3:1, 5: “When we no longer could endure it.”


Satan hindered

Satan” means “adversary” in Hebrew. Paul had both Satan and those doing his will in view. Those in opposition to Paul's message were doing Satan's will, even if Satan wasn't directly involved.

It was probably deemed best to not visit in person for the sake of the believers there.



their crown (at Second Coming)

A crown (which is) rejoicing: “crown” used as a reward—a victor's crown, not a royal one.

Contrary to any claim by the opposition, the Thessalonians will be their cause of joy at the coming of Christ.

One of the greatest rewards in God’s presence are those as a result of our witness and impact. Consider Daniel 12:2-3.


3.1-8 Over their affliction


It was probably safer to send Timothy back to Thessalonica to check on the new believers, for the Jews would have been on the lookout for Paul. Paul was deeply concerned about their spiritual state.


don't be shaken – appointed


Affliction is tribulation. "Appointed" means allotment, destiny. Tribulation is the believer's allotment or destiny in life. So don't be shaken or moved, be expecting.


vain labor


Satan is again referenced, but as the tempter. Temptation is toward responding in the flesh, that is, according to inordinate desire, or be deceived to believe a lie, as in Galatians 3.1.

Paul's labor would have been in vain, if they failed in their faith, not reaching maturity. The result would be disapproved/ unfit for service for the kingdom of God. Such failure could result in a state that they can't recover from.


a good report (“now we live”)


Tim's Good news: They were continuing in faith and love, and they had a good remembrance of Paul.

They had not written them off as exploiters or disinterested in their well-being, which could have resulted in their failure or any future ministry to them.

Comfort in affliction is knowing those who continue in the faith while in affliction.

Now We live.” This Shows how greatly they impacted Paul. It was not just Paul impacting them. This strengthens Paul’s desire to be with them and strengthen them, in their faith and walk.



3.9-13 To see them

Again, Paul desired to see them for their spiritual, eternal well-being.


to perfect faith

To repair or complete what's lacking—the aim is maturity. How is that done?


to increase in love

Faith is essential for love, because God defines love, and it is not easy to love others as God requires. Love is the greater than faith, according to 1 Cor 13.13. James says faith without works is dead—I understand this to mean ineffective, unproductive.

Love is concern for the well-being of another, especially their eternal well-being. Love for believers and others is knowing God's love, and his moral will. For in doing God's moral will, believers are loving others.

By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God and keep His commandments. 1 John 5:2 Does this make sense? The last 6 commands are about relationships with people.

Hillel in response to a pagan's challenge to make him a proselyte by teaching the Torah while he stood on one foot: “What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor: that is the whole Torah while the rest is commentary: go and learn it.”

Paul has to address the issue of not taking advantage of others: 4.9-13 This love relates to blamelessness...


to be blameless (at Second Coming)

Blameless means without fault. To Establish means to make constant. Holiness speaks of God's moral will and motives that are pure towards others. The goal is to be blameless in that holiness at Christ’s coming.

The coming of Christ is when believers will be reunited with family and friends and be recognized for the lives we lived for the Lord. See Rev 22.12: Jesus is coming to give reward.

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First Thessalonians 4.1-18:    How you ought to walk

1. 4.1-8: God's (moral) Will

A. your sanctification (sexually)

control yourself

don't take advantage of (a “brother”)

B. Divine consequence

2. 4.9-12: Walk properly (mind your own business)

3. 4.13-18: Sorrow not as without hope

(Jesus is coming again, and he

will unite the dead and the living)

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First Thessalonians 4.1-18: How you ought to walk

1. 4.1-8: God's (moral) Will



Finally” signifies a transition from primary concerns pertaining to the state of their faith to some specific issues. "Abound" is with reference to fruit, especially love (3.12). “Walk” is a metaphor for conduct.

This passage in 1 Thes 4 is difficult to interpret with certainty. However, it is clearly about God's moral will.



At the end of Chapter 3, Paul expresses desire that they increase in love toward one another. 3.13 seems to continue by connecting that love to being "blameless in holiness" for the coming of Christ. Through holiness, believers do love one another, because holiness fulfills those moral laws that are contained in the 10 commandments that have to do with human relationships.

A. your sanctification (sexually)

Holiness and sanctification translate the same root Greek word. "Holy one" and "Saint" mean the same thing. It means to be "set apart" unto God. All believers are "saints" in a positional sense, but it is to be their practice in life. God's will is the believer's "sanctification," and in this context, it is with regard to sexual morality.



Paul must be addressing this issue because of the background and tendency of these Gentile believers of former pagan practices.

Leon Morris writes: The Thessalonian Christians lived in a world where people did not see fornication as a sin but as part of normal life. It [was] featured in the worship of more than one deity.



control yourself


Some see the words "possess" and "vessel" as referring to obtaining a wife and not to take advantage of another's wife or someone to be another's wife. Others take this to mean to control your body-- the NIV interprets it this way.


Why doesn't Paul use the words "wife" or "body?" A "vessel" is something that serves a purpose. Why use that word here?

I tend to think he is speaking to both men and women, and he is using the word "possess" to mean something like "control," and he is using "vessel" instead of "body" because of the reference to "sanctification." The believer belongs to the Lord, and he/ she is to be set apart as a "vessel" fit for service.

1 Corinthians 6:13: Now the body is not for sexual immorality but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body.

Also consider: 1 Corinthians 6:18-20; and 2 Timothy 2:20-21

don't take advantage of (a “brother”)

“Defrauding a brother” : Knowledge Bible Commentary (KBC):

The brother here is most likely another human, not necessarily another Christian male. This seems clear from the fact that this person is a victim of illicit sex. Sexual immorality wrongs the partner in the forbidden act by involving him or her in behavior contrary to God’s will and therefore under His judgment. The initiator of the act takes advantage of his partner in sin by fanning the fire of passion till self-control is lost.



Through pressure or seduction, a fellow believer (“brother”) involves another in a sin (sexual immorality in this case) that takes advantage of and “defrauds” (takes) from them their blamelessness in holiness status before God and man. This is not loving one another (1 Thes 3.12-13).


B. Divine consequence


4 Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed undefiled; but fornicators and adulterers God will judge. Hebrews 13:4



The Lord as “Avenger”: KBC: Two or more people practicing sex out of God’s will are calling God’s wrath down on themselves.  

These activities destroy one's witness, causes failure and disapproval.

The believer is called to a proper one man one woman marriage relationship through marriage or celibacy.

“He who rejects this” is rejecting God’s will. Can there be any doubt?

“Has also given us His Holy Spirit”: We have the resources to enable us to do God’s will. I must spend time in His word, pray for help, and be committed to other believers.


2. 4.9-12: Walk properly (mind your own business)

4.9-12 Speaks of love as brotherly love (Greek word is “Philadelphia”). This is love towards fellow believers, as in a family relationship. This love is more general but focuses on personal responsibility. Verse 12 says to be proper towards others: show respect, honesty, and don’t take advantage of others.

A “quiet life” speaks of minding your own business. There is a balance that must come through spiritual discernment when it comes to being concerned about others and yet not being intrusive. Also, one should be as responsible for one’s own affairs as much as possible. Just as one was not to take advantage of another sexually in verse 4.6, one is not to take advantage of another’s generosity or expect it.

John Walvoord writes:
We are exhorted to mind our own business. No one gets into trouble for minding his own business, but if he starts minding someone else’s business, that usually causes a lot of trouble. They were exhorted to mind their own business, and to work with their own hands. Honest toil is a good thing, and God’s people need to work to earn an honest living.


The same kind of conduct should really be practiced towards non-believers: we should be seen as those who are as much as possible responsible people for our needs and not taking advantage of others: show respect, honesty, and don’t take advantage of others.


3. 4.13-18: Sorrow not as without hope

(Jesus is coming again, and he

will unite the dead and the living)


Paul now addresses a new issue that must have been raised during Timothy’s visit.

The Thessalonians believed in the coming of Christ for them, but what about those who have died before this event, particularly past acquaintances? When and how will we meet?



"Sleep" was used by Christ for those who have died in faith. See Mat 9.24; John 11.11
The word “Cemetery” comes from the Greek words for “sleeping place.”
Daniel spoke of death as “sleep” for all who have died, see Daniel 12.2.

Do not sorrow as others who have no hope.

The word “as” is important and means “to the same degree.” Can believers sorrow? Certainly, but it should be consistent with knowledge and faith concerning everlasting life.
Sorrow over the death of someone should be consistent with our knowledge and faith in a future resurrection which is as certain as the death and resurrection of Christ, see John 5.28-29. “God will bring with him” anticipates a resurrection of the dead.



The focus of Paul’s words is for comfort, and so dead acquaintances are in view. They will be the first we want to see. That is a primary basis of comfort for the believer. This is the reason we should not sorrow as those without hope. And this would be no comfort, if we did not recognize them in that future meeting.


The "rapture" is the catching up of living believers to meet Christ at His coming, it comes from the Latin translation for "caught up," being “rapere.” Those who have died in Christ will be resurrected first, and then there will be this grand reunion with those who are alive.

The “Blessed Hope” in Titus 2.13 is not just the rapture as some might believe, but also the resurrection. Only one generation will experience the rapture. Over 1900 years of Christians have died.

Paul was saying that the resurrection will not be some far off event with respect to the rapture, but immediately precede it. The living will be reunited with the dead at the coming of Christ.

The coming of Christ will be with a shout, the voice of an archangel, and the trumpet of God. 1 Cor 15.52 connects a “last” trumpet with the rapture and resurrection. See Mat 24.30-31.

The main issue here is that the believer has the hope and comfort of a future reunion with those acquaintances who have died as believers.


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First Thessalonians 5.1-28:  How we ought to walk, part 2


1. 5.1-11: sons of light/ day

vss 1-4: they know about DOL

(how it comes)

vss 5-8: do not “sleep”

(be awake/ watch)

vss 9-11: appointed to salvation

(whether awake or asleep)

2. 5.12-22: final exhortations

vss 12-13: recognize and esteem your leaders

vss 14-15: pursue what is good

vss 16-22: disposition and discernment

3. 5.23-28: concluding desire and requests

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First Thessalonians 5.1-28:  How we ought to walk, part 2


At the end of Chapter 4, We have Paul answering a concern about the fate of those believers who had died, and what will become of them at the coming of Christ. With reference to their “walk,” they should not sorrow as others who have no hope, because the dead and the living will be reunited at the coming of Christ.


In chapter 5, Paul is addressing the timing of the DOL, and who it affects. There is good reason to believe the coming of Christ and the DOL are the same event, but the DOL has a chief purpose being divine wrath on the nations. Connected with this is what they know, who they are, and what kind of walk/ behavior they should have. Was there a concern not only about those who died before Christ came, but of the judgment on the nations that will happen at that coming, which the OT prophets called “the Day of the Lord?” Would they experience it, being gentiles?


5.1-11: “Sons of Day/ Light”


This has to be the believer's identification or position, and Paul is saying that there is corresponding behavior.


vss 1-4: they know about DOL

(how it comes)


The Day of the Lord's main feature is wrath. It is that prophetic event foretold in the OT prophets of coming judgment and destruction from God on the earth.

“Times and seasons” are words Jesus used in Acts 1.6-7 in response to the disciples about the restoration of the kingdom to Israel.

"Time" indicates the when and "Season" indicates the particular circumstances or characteristics.


Concerning the DOL, Paul says they already know about it—how it comes.


DOL will come as a “thief.” The main significance of a thief is that he is not expectant (catches people unprepared), and he causes loss. “As a thief” speaks of how it comes upon on the world, not believers. (see John 10.10.)

“Labor pains” is a term often used to signify the nature of an event. It comes sudden, with no escape—you have to go through it, and it is painful or sorrowful.

There is good reason to understand the Second Coming of Christ and the DOL to be the same event, but DOL has as its chief aim as the period of direct Divine wrath and judgment on the nations.


That “Day” will not overtake believers as a thief. Wrath is the appointment of those who are not saved.

– vss 5-8: do not “sleep”

(be awake/ watch)

One's walk should align with one's identity. There are metaphoric images (vss 5-6, 8) and literal images (vs 8) here.



There are behaviors that are characteristic of the night, being sleep and drunkenness. Likewise, there are behaviors characteristic of the day.


So, believers are to have behavior characteristic of their identity. In an analogous sense, they are sons/ children of the light/ day. Jesus spoke of believers as “sons of light, as did Paul in Eph 5.


The night and its behaviors are analogous to that which isn't good: ignorance, lack of control, and unbelief.


While the light and day have behaviors that are good, such as having spiritual understanding and being watchful and sober.


The way we are watchful and sober is to have the qualities that are like body armor: faith and love and hope (where have we seen these before? 1.3). The armor here, I believe, protects one in an defensive sense: as I understand the armor in Eph. 6.13-17, as “being able to stand.” Having faith, love, and hope will protect you from Satan's attempt to defeat you from self-condemnation and disapproval for service.


And now, little children, abide in Him, that when He appears, we may have confidence and not be ashamed before Him at His coming. 1 John 2:28


We are to be sober: be serious minded about the things of God. Be in the word and living by it.

In chapter one, we saw faith, love, and hope. These are like armor to the body. Faith in God, love for one another, and the hope of final salvation keeps us in line with the right affections and should give us boldness and courage to think and act correctly in difficulty.


– vss 9-11: appointed to salvation

(whether awake or asleep)


Believers should behave as “sons of light,” but what if they don't? Wrath is not their appointment, but salvation is.

The expectation is to be awake/ watching and not asleep. But even if the believer fails, because Christ died for them, when he comes, they will be with him.



A common view is that verse 10 understands “wake” as alive physically, and “sleep” as dead physically, and that this refers back to the concern in chapter 4. I find that problematic, because Paul just used those terms for their walk, and the Greek words for sleep and wake or watch are the same in chapter 5 but different from chapter 4. I believe he is not reverting to the same issue as chapter 4 about the physically dead. The shift to the DOL would suggest a different concern as well, being about God's wrath.

6 Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience. 7 Therefore do not be partakers with them. 8 For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Walk as children of light 9 (for the fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness, righteousness, and truth), 10 finding out what is acceptable to the Lord. 11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them. Ephesians 5:6-11



2. 5.12-22: final exhortations


vss 12-13: recognize and esteem your leaders


‘recognize' means take notice of.
‘Over you’ means ‘rule.’ In view, I believe, are elders in the local assembly or pastors.
Those who ‘Labor’... especially in the word, with its teaching.
‘Admonish’ means to warn…what you should or shouldn’t be doing
‘Esteem’ is to give recognition, consideration to, and highly, for their work.

Be at peace’: don’t cause conflict, give due recognition and appropriate submission.

– vss 14-15: pursue what is good


‘Exhort’ is a strong encouragement. This also is to the “brethren” …vss 12-13 was towards the elders, vss 14-15 is toward those they congregate with. The body involves more than fellowship, but government.
‘Unruly’ is ‘disorderly’ as to not providing for self and taking advantage of others and meddling: see 2 Thes 3.6, 11: ‘Disorderly’ is same Greek word.

‘Comfort’... ‘uphold’.. be ‘patient’ …be longsuffering with those who are less mature spiritually.

‘Evil for evil’ is about revenge. It's Not our role but the government’s. We are always to seek what is good. Romans 12.17:
Repay no one evil for evil. Have regard for good things in the sight of all men.


vss 16-22: disposition and discernment


(a spiritual) disposition: ‘Rejoice’ ... ‘pray without ceasing’ ... ‘give thanks’

These things are through knowing and depending on God.
They are a call to a divine perspective. A state resulting from priorities and submission to God and knowing and believing the word of God.

(spiritual) Discernment: Do not quench the Spirit, despise prophecies. Test all things, hold fast, Abstain from...

These go together involving discernment. To quench means to extinguish, suppress or stifle. This is concerning the Spirit's activity or what is of God.


We can be too negative or limiting because of the possibility of error, disagreement, or past failures. Some spontaneity is not all bad.


Despising prophecy might include negativity to the teaching of doctrinal issues/ topics.
We should just discern and hold what is true and good by Scripture.


Hold off what is evil: every form is every kind, not just appearance, even the evil of quenching the Spirit or opposition to the teaching of doctrine.

3. 5.23-28: concluding desire and requests


Sanctify completely: as previous in the letter in their love for one-another, 3.12-13 and sexual purity, 4.3…


It is the goal of a transformation of character of the whole person, body, soul, spirit
To be without blame or censure at Christ’s coming is not the same as sinlessness, but without accusation against ones character. God is able, and His intentions are always toward this end—the problem is our free will.

Pray for us… Greet all the brethren … read to all …grace


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Second Thessalonians 1.1-12:  The Righteous Judgment of God

1. vss 1-3: introductory stuff

(“ought” to give thanks)

2. vss 4-12: the righteous judgment of God

A. vss 4-5, 11-12: tribulations of believers

– to be “counted worthy” for the kingdom

B. vss 6-10: tribulations of non-believers

(when Jesus is “revealed”)

vs 8: the “vengeance” of God

– vs 7: rest for the afflicted


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Second Thessalonians 1.1-12: The Righteous Judgment of God


1. vss 1-3: Introductory stuff (“ought” to give thanks)


It is believed that this was written shortly after the first letter, maybe after news from the first letter-carrier’s return.

Same greetings as in the first letter.
Grace and peace are those things the believer are to experience through faith in God’s word.


It is grace to do the will of God. 2 Corinthians 9.8: And God [is] able to make all grace abound toward you, that you, always having all sufficiency in all [things], may have an abundance for every good work.

It is peace as a state of calm. John 14.27: Peace I leave with you, My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.

Bound” (“ought” – most translations) means “should” give thanks. It is as fitting here as in first letter, because of the qualities in them, being faith and love. These were identified in the first letter. These qualities were characteristic of them, yet we know in the first letter there was concern over the state of their faith due to persecution and the issues of sexual immorality and disorderly conduct. But characteristic of them was faith and love, and these things were progressing, and so Paul gave thanks to God.

2. vss 4-12: the righteous judgment of God

Tribulation is evidence of the righteous judgment of God.

There are two classes of people in the world, believers and non-believers. Tribulation comes on both believers and non- by Divine will, but for different reasons.

A. vss 4-5, 11-12: tribulations of believers

Boast means to glory in and honor. It is ok to boast about others’ progress--to speak well of --which encourages and motivates everyone. It is ok to boast about what God has done.

Patience and faith are the means of enduring tribulations.
Tribulation endured creates character, to endure further tribulation, with appropriate response, see Romans 5.3.

Tribulation is broader than persecution (for their beliefs), but the believer suffers all kinds of tribulation, which is his appointment, see 1 Thes 3.3. Persecution happens to all who live godly, 2 Tim 3.11-12.

– to be “counted worthy” for the kingdom

I can't believe that being “counted worthy” speaks of being qualified for the kingdom.

I can think of 3 ways to understand this being “counted worthy” here and in verse 11.

One way is that is speaking of being fit for service for the kingdom of God, which is our “calling.”

The Greek word for “worthy” appears 3 times in this chapter. It's not the exact same form, because of the difference between adverb and verb and a compound word. The word means “deserving,” or “fitting,” or “right.” It is in verse 3, 5, and 11.

My thinking is that through tribulation, one can be made fit for service for the kingdom. This service is our calling or vocation. The word “calling” has this meaning.

This statement by Jesus does not use “worthy'” but the NIV interpretation, seems to have the right idea, as the word “fit” means useful, so they add the word “service”: 62 Jesus replied, “No one who puts a hand to the plow and looks back is fit for service in the kingdom of God.” Luke 9:62

Consider Paul's words in Ephesians, using the word “worthy”--same as in 2Thes1.3 for “right” and “calling”--same word as in 2 Thes1.11 (as vocation”): 1 I, therefore, the prisoner of the Lord, beseech you to walk worthy of the calling with which you were called, 2 with all lowliness and gentleness, with longsuffering, bearing with one another in love, 3 endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. Ephesians 4:1-3

The other option is that God wants the believer to be deserving of that which he will inherit, though he/she will inherit it. It just like in 1Thes5.4-11 where we read about how as “sons of the light/ day,” we should have behavior (walk) that corresponds to that identity. But even if we don't, we will still be with the Lord. God wants us to be deserving of that which we will inherit.

A possible analogy: You have a business that you created through sacrifice and hard work. You have children who will inherit that business. Even though they will inherit it, you want them to be deserving of or fit for it. Let's say one child may take special interest in it and learn it. Though they all inherit it, that one child will take a greater part in it's operation.

That last bit would actually be the third option: To be “counted worthy” to reign in the kingdom/ God. How the believer walks now will affect his experience and reign in the Kingdom. One of my commentaries takes the reigning view for 2Thes1.5.

Paul writes, 10 Therefore I endure all things for the sake of the elect, that they also may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 11 This is a faithful saying: For if we died with Him, We shall also live with Him. 12 If we endure, We shall also reign with Him. 2 Timothy 2:10-12

B. vss 6-10: tribulations of non-believers

(when Jesus is “revealed”)

vs 8: the “vengeance” of God

The tribulation that God will bring upon non-believers, I believe, is the coming wrath called “the Day of the Lord.”

The reference that Jesus will be revealed with his angels taking vengeance is another reason I believe the DOL is second coming. See Mat 16.27; 25.31


Vengeance is God’s. It will be both temporal (physical death) and everlasting judgment (separation from God forever).


vs 7: rest to the afflicted

This rest must speak in the sense of manifested justice, for 2000 years of persecution have come to past.


All believers, and these Thessalonians who believed Paul, will participate in Christ’s honoring.


To be counted worthy of the calling is to be fit for the kingdom for service now and reigning later.


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Second Thessalonians 2:  Concerning the Day of the Lord 


1. 2.1-3a: troubled by a false teaching.

A. the coming, gathering together, and day of the Lord.

B. don't be shaken, alarmed, or deceived...

2. 2.3b-12: two things precede that Day

A. the rebellion (or falling away, Gr. Apostasy)

B. the revealing of the lawless one

his act in the holy place

his restraint

his end (at Second Coming)

his power and deception

3. 2.13-17: chosen for salvation (through the gospel)

A. stand firm and hold fast (to what they were taught)

B. may God encourage and strengthen


___________________________________________


Second Thessalonians 2:  Concerning the Day of the Lord 


2:1 Now, brethren, concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our gathering together to Him, we ask you, 2 not to be soon shaken in mind or troubled, either by spirit or by word or by letter, as if from us, as though the day of Christ had come.


1. 2.1-3a: troubled by a false teaching.

A teaching attributed to Paul had troubled the Thessalonian believers that the Day of the Lord had come. This was troubling maybe because they thought they missed the rapture.

A. the coming, gathering together, and day of the Lord.

The gathering must be the rapture: 1 Thes 4.17.


The Majority Greek Text says “day of Christ,” but most believe the Alexandrian text reading.

Paul previously wrote on DOL as a day of wrath in 2 Thessalonians 1.6-10 and in 1 Thes 5.1-4.

B. don't be shaken, alarmed, or deceived...

3 Let no one deceive you by any means: Don’t be deceived about that future Day.

2. 2.3b-12: two things precede that Day

for [that] [Day] [will] [not] [come] unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, 4 who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God or that is worshiped, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God.

Two things will precede DOL. Paul’s point is that these things haven’t happened.
The word first may apply to both things, the rebellion or falling away and the revealing: both come before DOL. Or the rebellion comes first, before the revealing.

A. the rebellion (or falling away, Gr. Apostasy)

Preterists believe these things have already happened, these things and the 70th Week of Daniel, but futurists believe these things are future, though the “rebellion” may have started in the past.

The rebellion speaks of a falling away or departure, and most probably from the faith. The Greek word transliterated is the origin of our word apostasy. I don’t believe that this apostasy is a trend in the world towards greater evil, but a departure from the faith.

Has this already begun in the past, or is it a future kind of apostasy? First Timothy 4.1-3: "Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons…"

It seems to me that apostasy has to speak of a departure from the truth, especially the faith, which does not apply to the unsaved.

The word is used in Acts as “forsake”: but they have been informed about you that you teach all the Jews who are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying that they ought not to circumcise their children nor to walk according to the customs. Acts 21:21

B. the revealing of the lawless one

– his act in the holy place


The second thing is the revealing of the lawless one, son of destruction. This revealing is described in verse 4 as particular acts of opposition to God. Paul’s teaching is taken from that of Christ’s, being the abomination of desolation: "Therefore when you see the abomination of desolation,' spoken of by Daniel the prophet, standing in the holy place." Matthew 24.15

This act reveals him in his true character, as Lenski, a Lutheran scholar, says: This antichrist reveals himself as the antichrist by this pagan act of seating himself in the true God’s own sanctuary. The designation antichrist comes from first John, and it is applied to this individual in 2 Thessalonians and the “beast” in Revelation 13.

This happens during the middle of the 70th week of Daniel, Daniel 9.27, but then, I believe the DOL happens at the end of the 70th week.

Many believe the revealing is the signing of a 7 year treaty that starts the 70th week of Daniel. Charles Ryrie says: he will be revealed when he makes a covenant with many of the Jewish people, Dan 9.27, and this will signal the start of the tribulation period.

I believe the revealing is when he is manifested in his true character and capacity as stated in vs 4. Is not vs. 4 the defining event that reveals him? I wonder why Jesus makes reference to the abomination of desolation, but not the making or strengthening of a 7 year treaty, as seen in Daniel 9.27? Many identify him as the antichrist, and this event identifies him as such.

Bible Knowledge Commentary:  It seems probable that the man of sin will be identified by some people living then when he makes a covenant with Israel at the beginning of the 70th week of Daniel …but when he breaks the covenant three and a half years later … he will be widely recognized for who he really is … This latter event may be the time Paul had in mind for the “revealing” of the man of lawlessness.

It’s like Judas, who was revealed as the “son of perdition” (John 17.12) by his act of betrayal, which followed after Satan entered him. It may be that Satan is allowed to enter this man to do his will, and he commits these acts that reveal him as the man of sin and son of perdition.

The acts of antichrist reveal him as such, and it is the result of satan entering this man to accomplish this role. The acts are similar to Antiochus IV in the temple during the second century BC. It is the abomination of desolation and as Daniel foretold: Daniel 7.8, 25; cp. 8.9-11; Rev 13.4-8

– his restraint


5 Do you not remember that when I was still with you I told you these things? 6 And now you know what is restraining, that he may be revealed in his own time.

What was previously taught they were to hold on to. Paul was saying basically, I was right the first time. Wouldn’t it be nice if we had a writing of the exact things Paul said to them?

They know what is restraining (holding back) the revealing. They knew, but we have theories.

The common futurist view is that it is the Holy Spirit through the Church; the rapture removes the restraint. I believe it is angelic, based on Daniel 10.10-21.

Concerning the restraint...it has to be at the right time in human events. Does this man have to be alive and at the right place in history for things to happen? He can't be someone who has been around for 1000s of years being restrained for the right time. Could satan use anyone when the time is right? He could be anyone who could fill the role and be possessed by satan.

7 For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work; only He who now restrains [will] [do] [so] until He is taken out of the way. 8a And then the lawless one will be revealed,

The Mystery of lawlessness is in contrast to the son of sin / lawlessness. The spirit of antichrist is already at work, but a particular manifestation of that spirit is being held back. 1 John 2. 18 says: Little children, it is the last hour; and as you have heard that the Antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have come, by which we know that it is the last hour.

The reference to a restrainer is that of something that is holding back. It is a particular restrain of a particular person in a particular capacity. I believe it is Satan who is primarily being restrained to do his will through this person.

The restrainer is ultimately God, but the agent of God is probably angelic, such as Michael, see Daniel 10.10-21. Daniel 12.1 says that Daniel will stand up or stand still; compare this with the time period of Revelation 12.7-9,12b where we see satan defeated and coming down to earth with great wrath--one restrained is satan, who will be allowed to do his will through this man.

– his end (at Second Coming)


8b whom the Lord will consume with the breath of His mouth and destroy with the brightness of His coming. 9 The coming of the [lawless] [one] is according to the working of Satan, with all power, signs, and lying wonders,

The end/ defeat of the antichrist/beast is the second coming of Christ; he and the false prophet will be the first to go to Hell: Dan 7.11,26; Rev 19.19-20

– his power and deception

Antichrist’s coming is according to Satan: Rev 13 reveal the mortal wound healed (13.3) and the signs and wonders of the false prophet (13.11-14).

10 and with all unrighteous deception among those who perish, because they did not receive the love of the truth, that they might be saved.

Those who perish are those who are not convinced of their depravity. All unsaved people are perishing, but there is hope for those who are or can be convinced of their depravity, but those who are not convinced and cannot be convinced are conditioned to believe the coming deception. These truly are perishing as they believe the deception and continue in unrighteousness, building a case against them and speeding up judgment.

Not receiving the love of the truth is evidence of their unbelief. It is here for contrast between those who perishing and those who are not. Those perishing do not believe and therefore do not love the truth but have pleasure in unrighteousness. It is not just unbelief but the condition and character they have reached that wrath is coming upon them. They will not be saved from the wrath of God, temporal, as in the Day of the Lord, and everlasting, as in the Lake of Fire.


The working of satan and the unrighteous deception makes reference to the signs and wonders done by the false prophet in the presence of the beast to draw in those who have not believed in Christ.


ll And for this reason God will send them strong delusion, that they should believe the lie, 12 that they all may be condemned who did not believe the truth but had pleasure in unrighteousness.


A strong delusion is set before the unbelievers which they are conditioned to go after. God, by this, is speeding up and building a case for judgment, for not just unbelief brings judgment but the evil conduct that unbelief produces. Temporal judgment comes when society has reached a certain degree of ungodliness. The contrast is between those who believed and those who had pleasure in unrighteousness.


The strong delusion probably refers to Revelation 13 concerning the beast’s mortal head wound being healed and the false prophet's signs and wonders. Those who didn’t believe will be of such a state of mind (conditioning) that they will follow the great coming deception.

3. 2.13-17: chosen for salvation (through the gospel)

13 But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth,


But” we are bound to give thanks. . . for you


The DOL is coming, but it hasn’t come and it won ’t come upon them.

I believe l Thes 5.9 could have been on Paul’s mind; For God did not appoint us to wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Their appointment is salvation.

The DOL is the appointment of those who are not convinced of their depravity (thus perishing); who do not believe, and love unrighteousness.

Judgment was coming upon the nations for their unbelief, but not these Thessalonians, because they belong to the people and purpose of God through faith. The DOL wrath would be the time of the gentiles’/ nations’ distress: Ezekiel 30. l The word of the Lord came to me again, saying, 2 "Son of man, prophesy and say, ‘Thus says the Lord God: "Wail, ‘Woe to the day!‘ 3 For the day [is] near, Even the day of the Lord [is] near; It will be a day of clouds, the time of the Gentiles.


But God had chosen the gentiles for salvation through faith. That’s how I understand this reference Paul is making at this point that "God chose you for salvation.”

Paul’s statement that God “Chose you” speaks of their collective Divine purpose as gentiles, as with Israel, but it is through belief in the truth.

God has chosen a people for himself from among the gentiles, and this is by faith in Christ.

The Greek word for "chose" is rather unique here, it is "heilato,“ a word used for Israel in the Septuagint as in Deuteronomy 26.18: The Lord has chosen thee this day that thou shouldest be to him a peculiar people.


James says in Acts 15.14: "Simon has declared how God at the first visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name.”

The words “sanctification by the spirit” comes first.

I would suggest that it comes first because Paul had more to say about belief in the truth.

A reverse order can be seen elsewhere as seen in 1Timothy 2.4 (who desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth) and Revelation 4.11 (by your will they existed and were created).


Sanctification of the Spirit can speak simply of being set apart by God for His purpose. God revealed to Peter concerning the Gentiles who believe: What God has cleansed you must not call common. Acts 10.15 Sanctification by the Spirit comes first because Paul had more to say about belief, but this sanctification happens instantly upon belief in the truth.


14 to which He called you by our gospel, for the obtaining of the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ.

It was God's purpose to have a people from among the gentiles. They will share in the glory! honor of Christ.

Paul wrote to the Colossians: Colossians 1.24-27 ...the church, of which I [Paul] became a minister according to the stewardship from God which was given to me for you, to fulfill the word of God, the mystery which has been hidden from ages and from generations, but now has been revealed to His saints. To them God willed to make known what are the riches of the glory of this mystery among the gentiles: which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.


This salvation of the gentiles would include God's purpose to manifest Christ in them. God had chosen them like he did Israel, as a people for His purpose. And who could have imagined such a thing-—certainly not the Jew? This is why the vision was given to Peter that he might understand about Cornelius. This was the revelation and stewardship/ dispensation given to Paul.


Though the Day of the Lord is coming upon the gentiles who do not obey the gospel, the nations can be part of the people and purpose of God through belief in the truth, and this was evident among the Thessalonians who had both turned to God from idols and received and believed the gospel message (First Thessalonians chapter one).

A. stand firm and hold fast (to what they were taught)

15 Therefore, brethren, stand fast and hold the traditions which you were taught, whether by word or our epistle.

Tradition is some practice handed down or given over by word of mouth or written. It isn‘t always something optional. Paul speaks of them as being binding: 2 Thes 2.15, 3.6.

They were to follow the example that Paul lived before them.

B. may God encourage and strengthen

16 Now may our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, and our God and Father, who has loved us and given [us] everlasting consolation and good hope by grace, 17 comfort your hearts and establish you in every good word and work.

Paul Concludes with words of encouragement about God's character and His intentions and ability for them. Abide in God’s word and will, and He will encourage and strengthen you.

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2 Thessalonians 3: How they ought walk


1. 3.1-2: Paul's prayer request

concerning the advance of the word of God

concerning deliverance from opposition

2. 3.3-5: Paul's confidence concerning them

God is always faithful and able

a positive assessment to pave way for further instruction

3. 3.6-15: Paul's instruction concerning the idle/ unruly.

how to handle the idle/ unruly

follow the tradition/ example

4. 3.16-18: Paul's concluding desire for them.


__________________________________________


2 Thessalonians 3: How they ought walk


1. 3.1-2: Paul's prayer request

1  Finally, brethren, pray for us that the word of the Lord will spread rapidly and be glorified, just as it did also with you; 2 and that we will be rescued from perverse and evil men; for not all have faith. 

2 Thessalonians 3:1-2


The request was for two things. First concerning the advance of the word of God. and second, concerning deliverance from opposition.

– concerning the advance of the word of God


The Word of God being glorified means honored and received as the word of God, as they had receive it: not as the word of men but the word of God: 1 Thes 2.13.

– concerning deliverance from opposition

The men that fit Paul’s description were the religious Jew, see 1 Thes 2.14-16; Acts 17.5.


We know that the word of God is often hindered and rejected, and there is opposition. This is a world of free will and evil. A spiritual battle is part of that mix. God may intervene and limit free will and evil in answer to prayer.

2. 3.3-5: Paul's confidence concerning them

– God is always faithful and able


3 But the Lord is faithful, and He will strengthen and protect you from the evil one.


God is always faithful towards His own; the problem is with the believer in his walk.


I believe one’s faith is in view. Satan wants to overthrow it or pervert it. Christian ministry will not keep you, but humble abiding in the Word will.

– a positive assessment to pave way for further instruction

4 We have confidence in the Lord concerning you, that you are doing and will continue to do what we command.


This is a positive, favorable opinion that paves the way for further instruction. Their past godly character was a basis of optimism. He is about to address conduct unbecoming and how it is to be handled.


5 May the Lord direct your hearts into the love of God and into the steadfastness of Christ.


God is always able...

May” suggests human responsibility to abide in God’s word.

Direct’ means ‘guide.’

Hearts” speak of stirring their affections by the love of God for them and patience is enduring as Christ (in conduct and expectation).

3. 3.6-15: Paul's instruction concerning the idle/ unruly.


6 Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you  keep away from every brother who leads an  unruly life and not according to the tradition which you received from us. 7 For you yourselves know how you ought to  follow our example, because we did not act in an undisciplined manner among you, 8 nor did we eat anyone’s bread without paying for it, but with labor and hardship we kept working night and day so that we would not be a burden to any of you; not because we do not have the right to this, but in order to offer ourselves as a model for you, so that you would follow our example. 10 For even when we were with you, we used to give you this order: if anyone is not willing to work, then he is not to eat, either. 11 For we hear that some among you are leading an undisciplined life, doing no work at all, but acting like busybodies. 12 Now such persons we command and exhort in the Lord Jesus Christ to work in quiet fashion and eat their own bread. 13 But as for you, brethren, do not grow weary of doing good. 14 If anyone does not obey our instruction  in this letter, take special note of that person  and do not associate with him, so that he will be put to shame. 15 Yet do not regard him as an enemy, but  admonish him as a brother. 2 Thessalonians 3:6-15

– how to handle the idle/ unruly

– follow the tradition/ example

Tradition in this context is with reference to appropriate conduct: work for your own needs and wants. They were to follow Paul's example of not taking advantage of other believers and being an unnecessary burden. Though they had authority as Apostles / missionaries to live of the gospel.


Christians generally should not expect other people to take care of them but should support themselves as much as possible.


The don't work don't eat rule applies under normal conditions.


KBC: The individuals in view were not those who could not work but those who would not work. They were not to be supported by other Christians out of a sense of charity. The loving thing to do was to let them go hungry so that they would be forced to do right and go to work.


Disorderly conduct was that of not minding their own business, but meddling.


Paul says there needs to be church discipline on those who don‘t obey this instruction. The reason is because of its bad testimony, being Christians taking advantage of others.


KBC: treat the offender as a brother, not as an enemy. They were not to think of the offender as personally antagonistic toward them, nor were they to feel hostile toward him. His objective relationship to them as a brother in Christ should govern their feelings and actions, rather than subjective feelings that might be aroused by his idleness. They were to warn him, not denounce him. Whereas they were to have no social contact with him they were not to break off all contact. They were patiently to admonish him to forsake the error of his ways.


4. 3.16-18: Paul's concluding desire for them.

16 Now may the Lord of peace Himself continually grant you peace in every circumstance. The Lord be with you all! 17  I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, and this is a distinguishing mark in every letter; this is the way I write. 18  The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.


Peace is unity and calm, a lack of conflict. When one is establish in doctrine, they are not “troubled” by contradictory teaching. When believers are aligned with God’s will, they have peace among themselves.


Paul wrote by means of a secretary, but at this point was in his own hand. This could protect against any claims about letters from him that weren’t. It makes it personal and quite evident it was from him.


Ends as Paul’s letters begin. God’s grace is what saves us and what enables us, if we abide in His word.