Jesus did not stay in the grave.
Physical death was part of the curse. God cursed man because of sin with a limited lifespan: he would return to the ground of the earth from which he came. The immediate death that resulted from sin was an alienation from God, but physical death was a subsequent consequence of sin, being a part of the curse.
Since the death of Jesus was for sin, to bear what sin required, the curse could then be removed. The curse included physical death. Jesus could rise from the dead, physically, because the original cause of the curse was dealt with. And Jesus was given the authority to reverse the curse: just as Jesus has authority to give eternal life (being “born again”), he also has authority to raise the dead. Jesus rose from the dead, being proof that satisfaction for sin had been made, and that he had authority to give life both eternally and physically—the latter to be a time determined by God, involving all who have ever lived.
17 Then to Adam He said, "Because you ... have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, 'You shall not eat of it': "Cursed is the ground for your sake... [and] you return to the ground, For out of it you were taken; For dust you are, And to dust you shall return." Genesis 3:17-19
And as it is appointed for men to die once, but after this the judgment, 28 so Christ was offered once to bear the sins of many. Hebrews 9:27-28
The Law of Moses revealed the sinfulness of Israel, or anyone who sought to live by it, because of their inability to do the Law; therefore, all under the Law are under the curse of the Law.
Christ suffered the curse of the Law, so that the Lawbreaker could be released from the curse of the Law and be justified, receive eternal life ("born again"), and be released from the curse of physical death.
10 For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse; for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who does not continue in all things which are written in the book of the law, to do them." 11 But that no one is justified by the law in the sight of God is evident, for "the just shall live by faith." 12 Yet the law is not of faith, but "the man who does them shall live by them."
13 Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree"),
14 that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. Galatians 3:10-14
Jesus was cursed for us—alienated from God and put to death on the cross—so that we, through faith in Him as our Savior from sin, could be justified, born again, and be released from the curse of physical death.
"Abraham believed God, and it was accounted to him for righteousness." Romans 4:3 …
23 Now it was not written for his [Abraham's] sake alone that it [righteousness, that is “justification”] was imputed to him, 24 but also for us. It [justification] shall be imputed to us who believe in Him who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 who was delivered up because of our offenses, and was raised because of our justification. Romans 4:23-25
[Jesus said:] "Father, the hour has come. Glorify Your Son, that Your Son also may glorify You, 2 as You have given Him authority over all flesh, that He should give eternal life to as many as You have given Him. John 17:1-2
21 For since by man came death, by Man also came the resurrection of the dead.
22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ all shall be made alive.
23 But each one in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, afterward those who are Christ's at His coming. 1 Corinthians 15:21-23
24 "Most assuredly, I say to you, he who hears My word and believes in Him who sent Me has everlasting life, and shall not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life.
25 Most assuredly, I say to you, the hour is coming, and now is,
when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God; and those who hear will live.
26 For as the Father has life in Himself, so He has granted the Son to have life in Himself, 27 and has given Him authority to execute judgment also, because He is the Son of Man.
28 Do not marvel at this; for the hour is coming
in which all who are in the graves will hear His voice 29 and come forth
—those who have done good, to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil, to the resurrection of condemnation. John 5:24-29
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